Messina department of biology, utah state university, logan, ut, usa. Some strains disperse eggs uniformly, others place eggs at random, fecundity may or may not be inhibited when few beans are available, and females may select the largest available beans for oviposition. Life cycle and hostes of callosobruchus maculatus coleoptera. Bruchidae to test whether they conform to predictions of an optimality model. Part of the series entomologica book series sent, volume 46. Callosobruchus maculatus f adults coleoptera, bruchidae.
The maximum parasitization of host eggs took place within the first 24 hours of egg laying and declined thereafter. Most downloaded journal of stored products research. The life cycle consisted of egg, four larval instars l 1, l 2, l 3 and l 4, pupa and adult. International journal of agronomy and agricultural research 12. Effect of male mating history on paternal investment, fecundity, and female remating in the seed beetle callosobruchus maculatus. Biology and morphometric measurement of cowpea weevil. Beck, professor of pedagogy, emory university, and lawrence s. A handbook on bean beetles, callosobruchus maculatus. Cosmopolitan, probably of west africa origin, whence it was distributed around the globe with the trade in legumes host plants. Polymorphism and ecological reactions in callosobruchus. Callosobruchus maculatus has a karyotype of ten chromosome pairs 2n20. Experimental confirmation of bean preference for callosbruchus maculatus females tyler bayles, radaya ellis, jocelyn kopac, zach zimmerman department of biology, university of wisconsin whitewater abstract the purpose of this study is determine the existence or lack of bean preference in callosobruchus maculatus. Sexual conflict may lead to antagonistic coevolution, in which one sex usually males evolves a favorable trait which is countered by a trait in the other sex.
Evolution of host plant utilization in laboratory populations of the southern cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus fabrivius coleoptera. Intrasexual selection, due to competition for mates among members of a single sex, has been demonstrated in a variety of insects cf. It causes substantial quantitative and qualitative losses manifested by seed perforation and reductions in weight, market value and germination ability of seeds. Density dependent polymorphism in the adult of callosobruchus maculatus. Beck2 1department of biology morehouse college 830 westview dr. Empirical studies of behavioral processes were designed in a seed beetle, callosobruchus maculatus, to distinguish between two alternative tactical models, namely, comparison tactics and threshold tactics of seed choice, and also to deduce the behavioral rule of its oviposition decisions. To explore genetic resistance to the seed beetle callosobruchus maculatus in cowpeas, an important source of dietary protein throughout the world, we tested eight parent cowpea lines for host. Novel seminal fluid proteins in the seed beetle callosobruchus. Pdf seedcoat colour affects oviposition in the bean.
Kristen bosch, joseph adamson, amanda schuilling, alicia castillo, daniel faghihnia dr. The female copulated only once, whereas males did so up to 4 times. We found no indication that differences in the nutrient quality of larger and smaller host seeds influence survival in virgin and reproducing individuals or nuptial gift size in. Blumer, professor of biology, morehouse college excerpted from a handbook on bean beetles, callosobruchus maculatus. It attacks several species of grain legumes pulses, which are important sources of dietary protein, animal fodder, and soil fertility in semiarid. Production of pulse has increased at a much slower rate compared to cereal, oil seeds and other crops over the last two decades. They bite holes in the grains to enter inside and feed on kernel, damaging several grains in the process. Can preference for oviposition sites initiate reproductive. Bruchinae contain a pair of jawlike structures with. Rapid adaptation to a novel host in a seed beetle callosobruchus maculatus. Life cycle of bean beetles, callosobruchus maculatus coleoptera.
Many beetles in the genus are well known as economically important pests that infest stored foodstuffs these beetles specialize on legumes of the tribe phaseoleae, which includes many types of beans used for food. Laboratory techniques for screening cowpeas for resistance to callosobruchus maculatus f. Resistance of cowpea to cowpea bruchid callosobruchus. Variable responses to novel hosts by populations of the. Heritable variation in body size is well described fox et al. Does seed size mediate sexspecific reproduction costs in the. Insect genitalia exhibit rapid divergent evolution. Bruchinae is one of the most destructive postharvest pests in the world tarver et al.
Bambara groundnut seeds are liable to a simultaneous attack by two species of bruchidae, callosobruchus subinnotatus pic and particularly by callosobruchus maculatus f. Life cycle of bean beetles, callosobruchus maculatus. Genetic architecture of population differences in oviposition behavior of the seed beetle callosobruchus maculatus. The male genitalia of callosobruchus subinnotatus coleoptera. Variable responses to novel hosts by populations of the seed beetle callosobruchus maculatus. Even fewer have examined whether differences in genetic architecture depend on the environment in which organisms are reared or tested. Ests were recently produced from the larval midgut of the cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus, 73 allowing further comparison among these three phytophagous species. The larvae of callosobruchus maculatus, the southern cowpea weevil develop within the beans of cowpea vigna unguiculata, making them inedible. A handbook on bean beetles, callosobruchus maculatus christopher w.
Females of this species lay eggs on the surface of various seed legumes, such as cowpeas vigna unguiculata and mung beans. Bruchinae, are agricultural pest insects of africa and asia that presently. For example, male bean weevils callosobruchus maculatus have spiny genitalia. Behavioral ecology of callosobruchus maculatus springerlink. Search sequences and the oviposition process of the female bruchid beetle were observed. To quantify eggspacing behavior,we devised an index uthat estimates the uniformity of the egg distribution but. Truly extraordinary structures have evolved in some groups, presumably as a result of postmating sexual selection. Inability of populations of callosobruchus maculatus to. Sources for obtaining the beetles and a list of the equipment needed for their study and maintenance are provided. The duration of the different states of the cowpea weevils, callosobruchus maculatus f. Photoperiod as a factor inducing the flight form in the population of the southern cowpea weevil, collosobruchus maculatus.
These weevils cause loss of quality, quantity and seed viability. A 15d study was conducted with six treatments of 25, 50, and 100 c. Callosobruchus maculatus is a species of beetles known commonly as the cowpea weevil or cowpea seed beetle. Tenebrionidae are dangerous insects to stored grains. Observations on the biology of callosobruchus maculatus fab. Environmental issues agricultural pests growth beans cowpea research insectplant relationships legumes mimosaceae parasitic insects weevils. There are a number of species of callosobruchus that may be found attacking pulses, of which the most common and well known is c. Blumer2 1department of biology emory university 1510 clifton rd atlanta, ga 30322 christopher. Heritabilities of traits closely related to fitness e. Production of pulse has increased at a much slower rate compared to.
Pdf effect of different temperature regimes on biology of. Biology of pulse beetle callosobruchus chinensis on. It is unclear, however, whether this pattern reflects relatively low additivegenetic variation, relatively high residual variation i. Although the function of bursal spines is unclear, their marked enlargement in another callosobruchus species kingsolver, 1979 suggests the possibility of a sexually antagonistic role e. The species is a cosmopolitan pest of stored legumes fabaceae, particularly beans of the genus vigna. Sexual conflict simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Recommends the use of seed beetles for studying animal behavior and provides suggestions for practical and project assignments. Observations on its bionomics showed that the females lay an average of about 55 eggs each on the cowpeas, half of them being laid in the first two days after emergence, and there was a tendency for fewer eggs to be laid between july and october the wet. Females of callosobruchus maculatustend to distribute their eggs uniformly among host seeds and, thereby, reduce competition among larvae within seeds. Adults of a seed beetle, callosobruchus maculatus f. A handbook on bean beetles, callosobruchus maculatus bean. Heritability and evolvability of fitness components in. Studies on the resistance of cowpea seeds vigna unguiculata to weevil callosobruchus maculatus infestations. The relative importance of genetic and nongenetic inheritance in relation to trait plasticity in callosobruchus maculatus.
Each seed is a discrete resource package,so that much of the biology of seed beetles is similar to the biology of parasitoids. Callosobruchus maculatus fabricius, 1775 cowpea weevils image is also available in higher resolution. The evolution of oviposition tactics in the bean weevil, callosobruchus maculatus f. It is in the subfamily bruchinae, the bean weevils. A pest of pulses, cowpea, soybean, gram, pigeon pea, lablab etc. Ambayeba muimbakankolongo, in food crop production by smallholder farmers in southern africa, 2018. Such extensive damage checks the development of cowpea.
Japanese journal of applied entomology and zoology, vol. Biology of an egg parasite of callosobruchus maculatus fab. Higher plants are a rich source of novel insecticides. Biology of pulse beetle, callosobruchus maculatus f. The role of sexual selection in the evolution of insect mating systems has recently come under close scrutiny. Callosobruchus is a genus of beetles in the family chrysomelidae, the leaf beetles. Effect of temperature on biology of callosobruchus maculatus. Lowdensity populations consist of relatively sedentary, normal adults. The social influence on, and genetic architecture of, copulation in callosobruchus maculatus. The female grubs shows an oviposition period, with an average of duration, of 10.
Condition dependence of male and female genital structures in. Thus, the major part of the cowpea crops stored in traditional granaries in the sahel zone of africa is damaged by callosobruchus maculatus and another bruchidae, bruchidius atrolineatus. Whenever two or more eggs are on a bean, development takes 40 days rather than 33 days, and only 8% of the second eggs develop even in beans with resources enough for two larvae. Dec 12, 2019 here, we examined the influence of larval nutrient quantity on the sexspecific longevity costs of reproduction in the giftgiving seed beetle callosobruchus maculatus. The social influence on, and genetic architecture of. Chromosome 10 is a sex chromosome and males are the hetergametic sex figure 3. Evolutionary biology lab bonduriansky lab publications. It may also determine how a population responds to selection. Bambara groundnut, vigna subterranea is an important legume crop that is adaptable to the dry regions of africa. Carly justine wilson bachelor of science genetics and breeding hons centre for evolutionary biology, school of animal biology the university of western australia, australia. Callosobruchus maculatus, emergence size, fecundity, larval host.
Local populations of callosobruchus maculatus, the cowpea seed beetle, are established annually from small numbers of founders and the species has been distributed to many parts of the world where isolated populations may have been founded by very small numbers of. Citescore values are based on citation counts in a given year e. Bean beetles, callosobruchus maculatus, a model system for inquirybased undergraduate laboratories christopher w. A comparative study on the effect of four leguminous species on biological and population growth parameters of callosobruchus maculatus f. A comparative study on the effect of four leguminous. New sources of cowpea genotype resistance to cowpea bruchid callosobruchus maculatus f.
As the beetles can actively fly, the infestation can start in the. This common pest of stored legumes has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on every continent except antarctica. These pests cause sev ere damage to stored grains and thus studies were. The genus callosobruchus was formerly in the family bruchidae common name.
Bruchid callosobruchus maculatus is the most damaging, cosmopolitan pest of stored cowpea grains especially in the tropical region. Callosobruchus maculatus is a semelparous species with a relatively simple lifehistory favouring its use as a model organism in population biology studies. Jul 12, 2019 biology, book the bioinsecticidal and grain protectant activities of mixed powder of ocimum gratissimum and vernonia amygdalina upon callosobruchus maculatus was carried out. To increase our understanding of this phenomenon, we studied the function of one such structure. Intraspecific variation in the eggspacing behavior of the. A novel method for conserving cowpea germplasm and breeding stocks using solar disinfection.
Callosobruchus maculatus fabricius taxonomic placing. One mendelian trait has been described for bean beetles, body color which is autosomal and has alleles with incomplete dominance. Biology of an egg parasite of callosobruchus maculatus. The effects of male size, age, and mating behavior on sexual selection in the seed beetle callosobruchus maculatus. Adult callosobruchus beetles do not feed on stored produce, and are very shortlived, usually no more than 12 days under optimum conditions. Vulnerability of popular mungbean varieties of south india to. One major constraint to increased production of the crop is the incidence of the storage pest callosobruchus maculatus which causes significant weight loss to seeds in storage. Callosobruchus maculatus saccharomyces genome database sgd sgd is a database of the molecular biology and genetics of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is commonly known as bakers or budding yeast. Significant differences were observed among the varieties in fecundity, adult emergence, mean. Three geographically separate strains reared at four densities showed significant variation in the propensity to produce.
Biology, life table and management of callosobruchus. Bean beetles, callosobruchus maculatus, a model system for. The role of sexual selection article in evolution 612. Callosobruchus chinensis, the pulse beetle zoology for. Beck department of biology, emory university christopher. Adults of most species known from stored pulses may be identified using the bruchid key in haines 1991. Investigations on the host preference of callosobruchus maculatus f.
Environmentdependent reversal of a life history tradeoff in the seed beetle callosobruchus maculatus. Control of cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus f. Bean weevils biology bibliographies cite this for me. Carbon dioxide as a control agent for callosobruchus maculatus fab.
The nanoencapsulation process was carried out by polymerization technology. The developmental time from egg hatching to adult emergence of c. Bibliography of callosobruchus research in ecology and. Pdf rearing and identification of callosobruchus maculatus. Damage caused by this pest in cowpea is irreversible, resulting in significant loss of the grains. Bioinsecticidal and grain protectant activities of mixed. We investigated variability in this behavior by assaying beetles from seven geographic strains on each of three host species. Callosobruchus maculatus an overview sciencedirect topics. The powder and ethanol extract of tithonia diversifolia leaves were tested for their efficacy at five different concentrations 0.
This thesis is presented for the degree of doctor of philosophy of. This larval competition confers an advantage on females that disperse eggs uniformly. Consequences of inbreeding for the cowpea seed beetle. Essential oils are a new trend for controlling of storage pests. Adaptation to a novel host modifies host discrimination by the seed beetle, callosobruchus maculatus. Dispersal polymorphism of callosobrochus maculatus. Association for biology laboratory education able 2007 proceedings, vol. Introduction pulses are important components of our daily diet as they are the cheapest source of proteins, vitamin, energy and minerals. An international journal of science and technology, 33, p.
Alex lish laboratory technician utah state university. Host suitability, respiration rate and the outcome of. It is a member of the leaf beetle family, chrysomelidae, and not a true weevil. Insects are a dominant group of organisms found in virtually all terrestrial, freshwater, and nearcoastal marine habitats, including many of the harshest ecosystems on the globe e. Studies were carried out on the biology and extent of damage caused by a pair of callosobruchus maculatus in five mungbean varieties viz. The objective of this work was to characterize the resistance of 50 cowpea vigna unguiculata genotypes to callosobruchus maculatus. Image callosobruchus maculatus cowpea weevils biolib. Evolution of host plant utilization in laboratory populations of the southern cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus fabricius coleoptera. Observations on the biology of callosobruchus maculatus f. The beetle most likely originated in west africa and moved around the globe with the trade of.
Effect of temperature on biology of callosobruchus. The evolution of oviposition tactics in the bean weevil. Insects free fulltext oxygen consumption and acoustic. Efficacy of natural oils against the biological activity. Original article, report by advances in environmental biology. It is a major source of protein to people in many parts of africa.
Oviposition decisions in the seed beetle, callosobruchus. Manmade chemical pesticides have been used to protect grains but their widespread usage has led to the development of plague opposition champ and dyte, 1976. Uscana mukerjii mani chalcidoidea, trichogrammatidae parasitizes eggs of callosobruchus maculatus. In this study we used a laboratory population of the cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus fabr. Acoustic monitoring was applied to consider hermetic exposure durations and oxygen levels required to stop adult callosobruchus maculatus activity and economic damage on cowpea. Bruchidae, is a cosmopolitan fieldtostore pest ranked as the principal postharvest pest of cowpea in the tropics.
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