Strength of materials lab manual pdf sm lab manual pdf. Results of the youngs modulus by the pressure difference method71. Analysis of the data obtained from the experiment to determine the youngs modulus of a metal wire using a travelling microscope. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. Now, try to imagine this apparatus in front of you as it. To determine youngs modulus of elasticity of the material of. The writeup of this experiment is given in a pdf document available online 8. Aim of this experiment is to find the youngs modulus of the given material by nonuniform bending using pin and microscope method. Physics 1 laboratory manual ph191 ph 291 hit haldia. Calculate the value of young s modulus of copper bar by nonuniform bending. Young modulus nonuniform bending physics expreiment.
An apparatus to measure youngs modulus michael cantor and martin dewitt, department of chemistry and physics, high point university, high point, nc abstract youngs modulus, a measure of the deformation of a material in response to an applied force, is an integral variable to consider when designing and engineering systems such as buildings. Abstract experimental setup determining youngs modulus stress. This is what we shall investigate in this experiment. A prediction method of tensile youngs modulus of concrete at. Youngs modulus is also used to determine how much a material will deform under a certain applied load. Youngs modulus also, known as modulus of elasticity, it is the ratio of longitudinal stress to that of longitudinal strain. Powerpoint and worksheet on young modulus that i use for ocr as physics. You will be awarded marks for the quality of written communication in this part of the question. Pdf youngs modulus, fracture strength, and poissons. For 20 gauge copper wire the following experimental results produced a young s modulus constant of 6063 mpa, or 6.
Youngs modulus, fracture strength, and poissons ratio of nanocrystalline diamond films article pdf available in journal of applied physics 116. Try the data analysis yourself, download a free works. Stiffness in tension youngs modulus 9 specimenshape. Determine the young modulus of a material objective. The youngs moduli for many materials have been experimentally measured and can be found in tables. Equipment youngs modulus apparatus weights 4 2kg, 2 1kg, and 1kg of smaller weights micrometer laboratory. Youngs modulus can be calculated using the equation 3 simulator procedure as performed through the online labs select the environment from the drop down list. The same procedure is repeated for unloading the weights in steps of half kg. It defines the relationship between stress force per unit area and strain proportional deformation in a material in the linear elasticity regime of a uniaxial deformation youngs modulus is named after the 19thcentury british scientist thomas young. The key equations that would be effective to use in my experiment is, the youngs modulus is a measure of elasticity and stiffness of a specific material. Young s modulus y stressstrain youngs modulus can be used in the following equation.
Elastic materials have internal forces which restore the size and shape of the object when the stress is removed. Dec 15, 2017 video of the experiment to determine the young s modulus of a metal wire using a travelling microscope. Nov 25, 2016 to determine youngs modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire aim to determine youngs modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire. Pdf a simple experiment on flexural vibrations and young. What i want to know is the problems that can occur during a standard classroom experiment that could effect the results and the calculation of the young modulus. View notes youngs modulus report from language 100 at guangdong university of foreign studies. Calculate the value of youngs modulus of copper bar by nonuniform bending. What is not so well known is that all these youngs were actually the same man and he is also the young of youngs modulus. This file contains additional information such as exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it.
L is the change in length of the material when the force is applied to it, l 0 is the initial length, and a is. We designed and con structed an apparatus to measure the youngs modulus of copper and steel. Youngs modulus experiment labappara scientific instrument. Principle and task a flat bar is supported at two points. General objective to evaluate the elastic behavior of the given wooden beam by pin and microscope experimental method and to find its youngs modulus specific objectives 1. The forcevolume measurements were done at least 22 points per cell. It defines the relationship between stress force per unit area and strain proportional deformation in a material in the linear elasticity regime of a uniaxial deformation. Youngs modulus of the given material using non uniform bending method. Theorythe young modulus e of a wire is a measure of the stiffness of a material.
Video of the experiment to determine the youngs modulus of a metal wire using a travelling microscope. Youngs modulus of fishing wire abstract i have found out that there is a reduction in errors when there are accurate ways of measuring used such as using a micrometre instead of vernier caliphers and using a wire with a smaller diameter means we can be more accurate with measuring the youngs modulus of a fishing wire. So all these things are associated with people by the name of young. In this equation, f is equal to the force applied to the structure, y is the young s modulus for the material. If we consider a copper wire as our spring, experiment shows that the amount it stretches for. Review questions 81 5 a mass of 10 kg is hung from the end of a thin strip of steel which is 0. Explain why a value withtwo significant figures is appropriate for the answer. To determine youngs modulus of elasticity of the material of a. To understand how searles apparatus is used to determine youngs modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire, read below experiment. To determine youngs modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire aim to determine youngs modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire. During searles experiment, zero of the vernier scale lies between 3. Mechanical properties of materials david roylance 2008.
Elasticity of materials and youngs modulus description in this lab you will measure the youngs modulus of a metal wire. This manual assumes the students know how to use all these instruments, help may be acquired. Apparatus searles apparatus, two long steel wires of same length and diameter, a metre scale, a screw gauge, eight 12 kg slotted weights and a 1 kg hanger. Measurement of youngs modulus by searles apparatus. To evaluate the validity of this approach, the tensile. A patients leg was put into traction, stretching the femur from a length of 0. Activityforces, elasticity, stress, strain and youngs modulus handout 2 elasticity and youngs modulus elasticity describes a material property in which the material returns to its original shape after stress has been applied and then removed. As the shown in figure 1 the sample was never taken past the elastic region. Nov 28, 2012 anna university lab young modulus nonuniform bending physics lab video prepared by.
Youngs modulus youngs modulus is the elastic modulus we use for deformation which takes place when a force which is parallel to the axis of the object is applied to one face while the opposite face is held fixed by another equal force. To determine the young s modulus of the material of a wire. Experimental determination of youngs modulus of elasticity. Explain how to use your readings to obtain the youngs modulus.
The elastic youngs modulus of fibroblast cells after exposure to gfs significantly decreases by 20% than the control cells, whereas cells exposed to mwcnts decreased 10%. To study the various component parts of the universal testing machine u. This is the working formula of the experiment, and is valid so long as the slope of the bar at any point with respect to the unstrained position is much less than unity. Core practical 5teacher sheet determine the young modulus of a material.
Within this range where hookes law applies, the ratio of. Explain why a long wire is most suitable for this experiment. Define the following stress the force applied per crosssectional area of a material strain the extension in length resulting from stress brittle a material that breaks without plastic deformation elastic a material that returns to its original shape after. Youngs modulus differences between untreated cells and cells exposed to mwcnts and gfs. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 3. Another thing to keep in mind is that the lower the value of youngs modulus in materials, the more is the deformation experienced by the body and this deformation in case of objects like clay and wood can vary in the one sample itself. Product data have been exported from labappara scientific instrument export date. A simple experiment on flexural vibrations and youngs modulus measurement article pdf available in physics education 443. Pdf youngs modulus, fracture strength, and poissons ratio. The testing and data analysis steps as followed in the experiments and based root effects and large deflections. Youngs modulus definition, formula,unit, example, faqs. Experimental techniques to determine the youngs modulus of the. In this demo we measured the value of youngs modulus for a copper wire.
Core practical 5teacher sheet determine the young modulus of a material practical activities have been safety checked but not trialled by cleapss. In the process, you will gain an understanding of the concepts of stress and strain. Im doing an experiment write up for the young modulus. Knowledge of the tensile youngs modulus of concrete at early ages is important for estimating the risk of cracking due to restrained shrinkage and thermal contraction. Background information what is youngs modulus, how do we use a stress strain curve to determine it, etc 3. From these observations the extension, l for a load m can be determined.
However, most often, the tensile modulus is considered equal to the compressive modulus and is estimated empirically based on the measurements of compressive strength. Manual hand operation may distort the structure while. Relevant to the youngs modulus experiment are the use of appropriate analogue apparatus, use of methods to increase accuracy and the use of calipers and micrometers so the gravity, interference and electrical properties podcasts are contain discussions about relevant curriculum points. A comparison of experimental and theoretical relations. For 20 gauge copper wire the following experimental results produced a youngs modulus constant of 6063 mpa, or 6. To find the youngs modulus of the given material of the beam by uniform bending. Ratio of the linear stress to strain in this region is called youngs modulus. This was our first lab, and the goal was to determine youngs modulus of elasticity of a thin wire by stretching. Describe, with the aid of a diagram, an experiment to determine the youngs modulus of steel in the form of a wire.
With the knowledge that bone has a youngs modulus of 1. This is a specific form of hookes law of elasticity. When a rod or wire of length l and cross section a is under tension. Pdf a simple experiment on flexural vibrations and youngs. Teaching as physics practical skills finding the young modulus of a wire student worksheetin this experiment you will take measurements to determine the young modulus of a wire. Youngs modulus experiment appliedstatics eme1016 mmu. The modulus of elasticity is determined from the bending and the geometric data of the bar. Knowledge of the tensile young s modulus of concrete at early ages is important for estimating the risk of cracking due to restrained shrinkage and thermal contraction. We are going to determine the young s modulus of the material of a spring by recording its time period of oscillation when loaded by a certain weight. In addition, the file modification utility software provides an easy method for calculating stress, strain and modulus information from the experimental data. We used the concept of hookes law, which states that in a certain range, the strain or deformation of a material is proportional to the stress applied to it. To measure the thickness and breadth of the given wooden beam using screw gauge.
Physicists call the pattern youngs fringes and refer to it as youngs experiment, after the man who devised it. To determine youngs modulus of elasticity of the material. If the deformation, or strain the ratio of the change in length to the initial length, is. Young s modulus, or the young modulus, is a mechanical property that measures the stiffness of a solid material. The lab procedures start with calculating the maximum load that can be applied to the specimen, assuming an approximate ultimate tensile. Dynamicmechanical properties of polymers mechanical properties of polymeric materials under the influence of dynamic load and temperature mechanical modulus as a function of load, temperature, time a project of the iupac division iv polymer division transitions, relaxations. When thinking about elasticity, think about a coiled metal spring or a rubber band. View notes young s modulus report from language 100 at guangdong university of foreign studies. When thinking about elasticity, think about a coiled. Oct 23, 2012 read previous post first to refresh your memory. Users may need to adapt the risk assessment information to local circumstances. At as, its a wellknown experiment to measure the young modulus of a material like copper which is quite stretchy k small, in other words. The final value for youngs modulus is obtained by taking an average over this range and is given for each material used for test.
Youngs modulus is the slope of a stress versus strain curve. Evaluation of the elastic youngs modulus and cytotoxicity. Relevant to the young s modulus experiment are the use of appropriate analogue apparatus, use of methods to increase accuracy and the use of calipers and micrometers so the gravity, interference and electrical properties podcasts are contain discussions about relevant curriculum points. To determine the youngs modulus of the material of the bar subjected to nonuniform bending by measuring the depression at the center. Experiment 3 modulus of elasticity related topics young s modulus, modulus of elasticity, stress, deformation, poissons ratio, hookes law. Vibrationbased technique for youngs modulus determination. It is bent by the action a force acting at its centre. Youngs modulus, or the young modulus, is a mechanical property that measures the stiffness of a solid material. Physics 3 summer 1989 lab 7 elasticity theory all materials deform to some extent when subjected to a stress a force per unit area.
The value for the young modulus i got was far off from the true value, but i think this was expected. This experiment did not directly measure any elasticity parameter, but only observed. Anna university lab young modulus nonuniform bending physics lab video prepared by. A prediction method of tensile youngs modulus of concrete. Describe a good technique for measuring the diameter. Forces, elasticity, stress, strain and youngs modulus. Youngs modules objective to study the stress and strain of the material, to study the. When compared to the accepted value this represents a percent difference of 94. Define the following strain stress brittle elastic 3. To determine the youngs modulus of the material of a wire.
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